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Oral History of Human Origins Research: Kay Behrensmeyer

Kay Behrensmeyer stands in front of a table covered in fossils. Shes' speaking with Louis Leakey as he holds a fossil skull found by his son Richard.
Kay Behrensmeyer (left) with Louis Leakey (seated) and Richard Leakey at Koobi Fora in 1969. Gordon Gahan (used with kind permission)

Dr. Kay Behrensemeyer (1946- )

Brief biography

Oral history interview recorded December 14, 2022
Interviewer: Bernard Wood

Anna K. (“Kay”) Behrensmeyer has worked in the Department of Paleobiology at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History since 1981; she has been a Senior Scientist there since 2009. She was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2011, a Member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2020, and a Member of the American Philosophical Society in 2021.

Behrensmeyer is a ‘big-picture’ scientist with an over-arching interest in the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems—which in lay terms means understanding how animals interacted with their environment, and with each other, in deep time.

We access information about past terrestrial ecosystems through the fossil record, and it is tempting to think that the fossil record is a faithful, unbiased, representation of all the animals at that location at a particular time in the past. Behrensmeyer’s other major research interest is working out how to identify biases in the fossil record, what factors generate these biases, and how biases can be corrected, so the fossil record can be ‘read’ and interpreted more intelligently and accurately. She has studied taphonomic processes in the modern ecosystem in Amboseli National Park, Kenya, in order to understand how animal populations are represented by the small samples of their remains that survive to become fossils.

Behrensmeyer has undertaken fieldwork at various paleontological sites in the East African Rift Valley System, but her longest and best-known involvement is with research on the east side of Lake Turkana where she discovered what, at the time, was the earliest evidence for the manufacture of stone tools by early hominins.

Kay Behrensmeyer Oral History Videos

Oral History: Kay Behrensmeyer
Oral History: Kay Behrensmeyer Highlight
Kay Behrensmeyer: Oral History Snapshot

Oral History Transcript

The transcript and narrative supplement below are and free to read and download.

Narrative Supplement

This narrative supplement is a version of the transcript that has been edited for clarity by Bernard A. Wood.

Selected Research Publications

Click to expand and see a collection of research publications by Kay Behrensmeyer


Pansani, Thaís R., Bertrand, Loïc, Pobiner, Briana, Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Asevedo, Lidiane, Thoury, Mathieu, Araújo-Júnior, Hermínio I., Schöder, Sebastian, King, Andrew, Pacheco, Mírian L. A. F., and Dantas, Mário A. T. 2024. “Anthropogenic modification of a giant ground sloth tooth from Brazil supported by a multi-disciplinary approach.” Scientific Reports, 14, (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69145-5. 2024

Owen, R. B., Rabideaux, Nathan, Bright, Jordon, Rosca, Carolina, Renaut, Robin W., Potts, Richard, Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Deino, Alan L., Cohen, Andrew S., Muiruri, Veronica, and Dommain, René. 2024. “Controls on Quaternary geochemical and mineralogical variability in the Koora Basin and South Kenya Rift.” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111986. 2024

Hatala, Kevin G., Roach, Neil T., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Falkingham, Peter L., Gatesy, Stephen M., Williams-Hatala, Erin, Feibel, Craig S., Dalacha, Ibrae, Kirinya, Martin, Linga, Ezekiel, Loki, Richard, Alkoro, Apolo, Longaye, Malmalo, Lonyericho, Emmanuel, Loyapan, Iyole, Nakudo, Nyiber, Nyete, Cyprian, and Leakey, Louise N. 2024. “Footprint evidence for locomotor diversity and shared habitats among early Pleistocene hominins.” Science, 386, (6725) 1004–1010. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ado5275. 2024

Negash, Enquye W., Alemseged, Zeresenay, Barr, W. A., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Blumenthal, Scott A., Bobe, René, Carvalho, Susana, Cerling, Thure E., Chritz, Kendra L., McGuire, Elizabeth, Uno, Kevin T., Wood, Bernard, and Wynn, Jonathan G. 2024. “Modern African ecosystems as landscape-scale analogues for reconstructing woody cover and early hominin environments.” Journal of human evolution, 197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103604. 2024

Present, Theodore M., Niespolo, Elizabeth M., Clarke, Catherine E., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Leakey, Louise N., Leakey, Meave G., Mongle, Carrie, Du Plessis, Anton, Northrup, Paul, Tappero, Ryan V., Yang, Deming, Rasbury, E. T., and Grine, Fredrick E. 2024. “Nondestructive geochemical characterization of fossil hominin taphonomy and burial history.” Quaternary Science Reviews, 328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108525. 2024

Hatala, Kevin G., Roach, Neil T., and Behrensmeyer, Anna K. 2023. “Fossil footprints and what they mean for hominin paleobiology.” Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews, 32, (1) 39–53. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21963. 2023

Villaseñor, Amelia, Uno, Kevin T., Kinyanjui, Rahab N., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Bobe, René, Advokaat, Eldert L., Bamford, Marion, Carvalho, Susana C., Hammond, Ashley S., Palcu, Dan V., Sier, Mark J., Ward, Carol V., and Braun, David R. 2023. “Pliocene hominins from East Turkana were associated with mesic environments in a semiarid basin.” Journal of human evolution, 180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103385. 2023

Patterson, David B., Du, Andrew, Faith, J. T., Rowan, John, Uno, Kevin, Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Braun, David R., and Wood, Bernard A. 2022. “Did vegetation change drive the extinction of Paranthropus boisei?” Journal of human evolutionhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103154. 2022

Fraser, Danielle, Villaseñor, Amelia, Tóth, Anikó B., Balk, Meghan A., Eronen, Jussi T., Barr, W. Andrew, Behrensmeyer, A. K., Davis, Matt, Du, Andrew, Tyler Faith, J., Graves, Gary R., Gotelli, Nicholas J., Jukar, Advait M., Looy, Cindy V., McGill, Brian J., Miller, Joshua H., Pineda-Munoz, Silvia, Potts, Richard, Shupinski, Alex B., Soul, Laura C., and Lyons, S. Kathleen. 2022. “Late quaternary biotic homogenization of North American mammalian faunas.” Nature Communications, 13, (1) 3940. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31595-8. 2022

Cohen, Andrew S., Campisano, Christopher J., Arrowsmith, J. R., Asrat, Asfawossen, Beck, Catherine C., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Deino, Alan L., Feibel, Craig S., Foerster, Verena, Kingston, John D., Lamb, Henry F., Lowenstein, Tim K., Lupien, Rachel L., Muiruri, Veronica, Olago, Daniel O., Owen, R. B., Potts, Richard, Russell, James M., Schaebitz, Frank, Stone, Jeffery R., Trauth, Martin H., and Yost, Chad L. 2022. “Reconstructing the Environmental Context of Human Origins in Eastern Africa Through Scientific Drilling.” Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 50, (1) 451–476. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-031920-081947. 2022

Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Cerling, Thure, Fortelius, Mikael, Gathogo, Patrick, Harmand, Sonia, Martin, Lawrence, Miller, Ellen, Pilbeam, David, Ungar, Peter, and Wood, Bernard A. 2022. “Richard Erskine Frere Leakey (1944–2022).” Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews, 31, (4) 160–165. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21947. 2022

Fraser, Danielle, Soul, Laura C., Toth, Aniko B., Balk, Meghan A., Eronen, Jussi T., Pineda-Munoz, Silvia, Shupinski, Alexandria B., Villasenor, Amelia, Barr, W. Andrew, Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Du, Andrew, Faith, J. Tyler, Gotelli, Nicholas J., Graves, Gary R., Jukar, Advait M., Looy, Cindy V., Miller, Joshua H., Potts, Richard, and Lyons, S. Kathleen. 2021. “Investigating Biotic Interactions in Deep Time.” Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 36, (1) 61–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2020.09.001. 2021

Muiruri, Veronica, Owen, R. B., Potts, Richard, Deino, Alan L., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Riedl, Simon, Rabideaux, Nathan, Beverly, Emily J., Renaut, Robin W., Moerman, Jessica W., Deocampo, Daniel, Faith, J. T., Noren, Anders, Cohen, Andrew S., Shannon, Kristina Brady, and Dommain, René. 2021. “Quaternary diatoms and palaeoenvironments of the Koora Plain, southern Kenya rift.” Quaternary Science Reviews, 267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107106. 2021

Faith, J. Tyler, Du, Andrew, Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Davies, Benjamin, Patterson, David B., Rowan, John, and Wood, Bernard A. 2021. “Rethinking the ecological drivers of hominin evolution.” Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 36, (9) 797–807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2021.04.011. 2021

Buatois, Luis A., Renaut, Robin W., Owen, Richard B., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., and Scott, Jennifer J. 2020. “Animal bioturbation preserved in Pleistocene magadiite at Lake Magadi, Kenya Rift Valley, and its implications for the depositional environment of bedded magadiite.” Scientific Reports, 10, (1) Article 6794. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63505-7. 2020

Pineda-Munoz, Silvia, Jukar, Advait M., Toth, Aniko B., Fraser, Danielle, Du, Andrew, Barr, W. Andrew, Amatangelo, Kathryn L., Balk, Meghan A., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Blois, Jessica, Davis, Matt, Eronen, Jussi T., Gotelli, Nicholas J., Looy, Cindy, Miller, Joshua H., Shupinski, Alexandria B., Soul, Laura C., Villasenor, Amelia, Wing, Scott, and Lyons, S. Kathleen. 2020. “Body mass-related changes in mammal community assembly patterns during the late Quaternary of North America.” Ecographyhttps://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.05027. 2020

Potts, Richard, Dommain, René, Moerman, Jessica W., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Deino, Alan L., Riedl, Simon, Beverly, Emily J., Brown, Erik T., Deocampo, Daniel, Kinyanjui, Rahab, Lupien, Rachel, Owen, R. B., Rabideaux, Nathan, Russell, James M., Stockhecke, Mona, deMenocal, Peter, Faith, J. T., Garcin, Yannick, Noren, Anders, Scott, Jennifer J., Western, David, Bright, Jordon, Clark, Jennifer B., Cohen, Andrew S., Keller, C. B. et al. 2020. “Increased ecological resource variability during a critical transition in hominin evolution.” Science Advances, 6, (43). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc8975. 2020

Bobe, René, Braun, David R., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., and Harris, John W. K. 2020. “Introduction: Hominin paleobiology in the early Pleistocene Okote Member, Koobi Fora Formation, Kenya.” Journal of human evolution, 145 Article 102811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102811. 2020

Villaseñor, Amelia, Bobe, René, and Behrensmeyer, Anna K. 2020. “Middle Pliocene hominin distribution patterns in Eastern Africa.” Journal of Human Evolution, 147 Article 102856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102856. 2020

Richmond, B. G., Green, D. J., Lague, M. R., Chirchir, Habiba, Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Bobe, R., Bamford, M. K., Griffin, N. L., Gunz, P., Mbua, E., Merritt, S. R., Pobiner, Briana L., Kiura, P., Kibunjia, M., Harris, J. W. K., and Braun, D. R. 2020. “The upper limb of Paranthropus boisei from Ileret, Kenya.” Journal of human evolution, 141 Article 102727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102727. 2020

Deino, A. L., Dommain, R., Keller, C. B., Potts, Richard, Behrensmeyer, A. K., Beverly, E. J., King, J., Heil, C. W., Stockhecke, M., Brown, E. T., Moerman, J., deMenocal, P., Deocampo, D., Garcin, Y., Levin, N. E., Lupien, R., Owen, R. B., Rabideaux, N., Russell, J. M., Scott, J., Riedl, S., Brady, K., Bright, J., Clark, J. B., Cohen, A. et al. 2019. “Chronostratigraphic model of a high-resolution drill core record of the past million years from the Koora Basin, south Kenya Rift: Overcoming the difficulties of variable sedimentation rate and hiatuses.” Quaternary Science Reviews, 215 213–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.05.009. 2019

Patterson, David B., Braun, David R., Allen, Kayla, Barr, W. A., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Biernat, Maryse, Lehmann, Sophie B., Maddox, Tom, Manthi, Fredrick K., Merritt, Stephen R., Morris, Sarah E., O’Brien, Kaedan, Reeves, Jonathan S., Wood, Bernard A., and Bobe, René. 2019. “Comparative isotopic evidence from East Turkana supports a dietary shift within the genus Homo.” Nature Ecology & Evolution, 3 1048–1056. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0916-0. 2019

Close, Roger A., Benson, Roger B. J., Alroy, John, Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Benito, Juan, Carrano, Matthew T., Cleary, Terri J., Dunne, Emma M., Mannion, Philip D., Uhen, Mark D., and Butler, Richard J. 2019. “Diversity dynamics of Phanerozoic terrestrial tetrapods at the local-community scale.” Nature Ecology & Evolution, 3, (4) 590–597. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0811-8. 2019

Toth, Aniko B., Lyons, S. Kathleen, Barr, W. Andrew, Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Blois, Jessica L., Bobe, Rene, Davis, Matt, Du, Andrew, Eronen, Jussi T., Faith, J. Tyler, Fraser, Danielle, Gotelli, Nicholas J., Graves, Gary R., Jukar, Advait M., Miller, Joshua H., Pineda-Munoz, Silvia, Soul, Laura C., Villasenor, Amelia, and Alroy, John. 2019. “Reorganization of surviving mammal communities after the end-Pleistocene megafaunal extinction.” Science, 365, (6459) 1305. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw1605. 2019

Du, Andrew, Robinson, Joshua R., Rowan, John, Lazagabaster, Ignacio A., and Behrensmeyer, Anna K. 2019. “Stable carbon isotopes from paleosol carbonate and herbivore enamel document differing paleovegetation signals in the eastern African Plio-Pleistocene.” Review of palaeobotany and palynology, 261 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2018.11.003. 2019

Deino, Alan L., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Brooks, Alison S., Yellen, John E., Sharp, Warren D., and Potts, Richard. 2018. “Chronology of the Acheulean to Middle Stone Age transition in eastern Africa.” Science, 360, (6384) 95–98. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao2216. 2018

Potts, Richard, Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Faith, J. Tyler, Tryon, Christian A., Brooks, Alison S., Yellen, John E., Deino, Man L., Kinyanjui, Rahab, Clark, Jennifer B., Haradon, Catherine M., Levin, Naomi E., Meijer, Hanneke J. M., Veatch, E. Grace, Owen, R. Bernhart, and Renaut, Robin W. 2018. “Environmental dynamics during the onset of the Middle Stone Age in eastern Africa.” Science, 360, (6384) 86–90. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao2200. 2018

Karp, Allison T., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., and Freeman, Katherine H. 2018. “Grassland fire ecology has roots in the late Miocene.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115, (48) 12130–12135. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809758115. 2018

Brooks, Alison S., Yellen, John E., Potts, Richard, Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Deino, Alan L., Leslie, David E., Ambrose, Stanley H., Ferguson, Jeffrey R., d’Errico, Francesco, Zipkin, Andrew M., Whittaker, Scott, Post, Jeffrey, Veatch, E. Grace, Foecke, Kimberly, and Clark, Jennifer B. 2018. “Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age.” Science, 360, (6384) 90–94. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao2646. 2018

Roach, Neil T., Du, Andrew, Hatala, Kevin G., Ostrofsky, Kelly R., Reeves, Jonathan S., Braun, David R., Harris, John W. K., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., and Richmond, Brian G. 2018. “Pleistocene animal communities of a 1.5 million-year-old lake margin grassland and their relationship to Homo erectus paleoecology.” Journal of human evolution, 122 70–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.04.014. 2018

Du, Andrew and Behrensmeyer, Anna K. 2018. “Spatial, temporal and taxonomic scaling of richness in an eastern African large mammal community.” Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27, (9) 1031–1042. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12762. 2018

Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Potts, Richard, and Deino, Alan. 2018. “The Oltulelei Formation of the southern Kenyan Rift Valley: A chronicle of rapid landscape transformation over the last 500 k.y.” GSA Bulletin, 130, (9/10) 1474–1492. https://doi.org/10.1130/B31853.1. 2018

Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Denys, Christiane, and Brugal, Jean-Philip. 2018. “What is taphonomy and What is not? INTRODUCTION.” Historical Biology, 30, (6) 718–719. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2018.1432919. 2018

Patterson, D. B., Braun, D. R., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Merritt, S., Zliobaite, I., Reeves, J. S., Wood, B. A., Fortelius, M., and Bobe, R. 2017. “Ecosystem evolution and hominin paleobiology at East Turkana, northern Kenya between 2.0 and 1.4 Ma.” Palaeogeography palaeoclimatology palaeoecology, 481 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.05.001. 2017

Hatala, Kevin G., Roach, Neil T., Ostrofsky, Kelly R., Wunderlich, Roshna E., Dingwall, Heather L., Villmoare, Brian A., Green, David J., Braun, David R., Harris, John W. K., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., and Richmond, Brian G. 2017. “Hominin track assemblages from Okote Member deposits near Ileret, Kenya, and their implications for understanding fossil hominin paleobiology at 1.5 Ma.” Journal of human evolution, 112 93–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.08.013. 2017

Patterson, D. B., Braun, D. R., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Lehmann, S. B., Merritt, S. R., Reeves, J. S., Wood, B. A., and Bobe, R. 2017. “Landscape scale heterogeneity in the East Turkana ecosystem during the Okote Member (1.56-1.38 Ma).” Journal of human evolution, 112 148–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.06.007. 2017

Campisano, Christopher J., Cohen, Andrew S., Arrowsmith, J. Ramon, Asrat, Asfawossen, Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Brown, Erik T., Deino, Alan L., Deocampo, Daniel M., Feibel, Craig S., Kingston, John D., Lamb, Henry F., Lowenstein, Tim K., Noren, Anders, Olago, Daniel O., Owen, R. Bernhart, Pelletier, Jon D., Potts, Richard, Reed, Kaye E., Renaut, Robin W., Russell, James M., Russell, Joellen L., Schabitz, Frank, Stone, Jeffrey R., Trauth, Martin H., and Wynn, Jonathan G. 2017. “The Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project: High-Resolution Paleoclimate Records from the East African Rift System and Their Implications for Understanding the Environmental Context of Hominin Evolution.” PaleoAnthropology, 1–43. https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-295426. 2017

Kinyanjui, R. N., Potts, Richard, Behrensmeyer, Anna K., and Bamford, M. 2016. “Comparing the Quaternary palaeoenvironments of two major Hominin sites: the Olorgesailie and Koobi Fora Basins, Kenya.” Quaternary International, 404 207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.08.196. 2016

Zliobaite, Indre, Rinne, Janne, Tóth, Anikó B., Mechenich, Michael, Liu, Liping, Behrensmeyer, Anna K., and Fortelius, Mikael. 2016. “Herbivore teeth predict climatic limits in Kenyan ecosystems.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113, (45) 12751–12756. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1609409113. 2016

Lyons, S. Kathleen, Amatangelo, Kathryn L., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Bercovici, Antoine, Blois, Jessica L., Davis, Matt, DiMichele, William A., Du, Andrew, Eronen, Jussi T., Faith, J. Tyler, Graves, Gary R., Jud, Nathan, Labandeira, Conrad C., Looy, Cindy V., McGill, Brian, Miller, Joshua H., Patterson, David, Pineda-Munoz, Silvia, Potts, Richard, Riddle, Brett, Terry, Rebecca, Tóth, Anikó, Ulrich, Werner, Villaseñor, Amelia, Wing, Scott L. et al. 2016. “Holocene shifts in the assembly of plant and animal communities implicate human impacts.” Nature, (529) 80–83. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16447. 2016

Lyons, S. Kathleen, Miller, Joshua H., Amatange, Kathryn L., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Bercovici, Antoine, Blois, Jessica L., Davis, Matt, DiMichele, William A., Du, Andrew, Eronen, Jussi T., Faith, J. T., Graves, Gary R., Jud, Nathan, Labandeira, Conrad C., Looy, Cindy V., McGill, Brian, Patterson, David, Pineda-Munoz, Silvia, Potts, Richard, Riddle, Brett, Terry, Rebecca, Tóth, Anikó, Ulrich, Werner, Villaseñor, Amelia, Wing, Scott L. et al. 2016. “Lyons et al. reply.” Nature, 538, (7626) E3–E4. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20097. 2016

Roach, Neil T., Hatala, Kevin G., Ostrofsky, Kelly R., Villmoare, Brian, Reeves, Jonathan S., Du, Andrew, Braun, David R., Harris, John W. K., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., and Richmond, Brian G. 2016. “Pleistocene footprints show intensive use of lake margin habitats by Homo erectus groups.” Scientific Reports, 6 26374. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep26374. 2016

Lyons, S. Kathleen, Miller, Joshua H., Tóth, Anikó, Amatangelo, Kathryn L., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Bercovici, Antoine, Blois, Jessica L., Davis, Matt, DiMichele, William A., Du, Andrew, Eronen, Jussi T., Faith, J. T., Graves, Gary R., Jud, Nathan, Labandeira, Conrad C., Looy, Cindy V., McGill, Brian, Patterson, David, Pineda-Munoz, Silvia, Potts, Richard, Riddle, Brett, Terry, Rebecca, Ulrich, Werner, Villaseñor, Amelia, Wing, Scott L. et al. 2016. “Questioning Holocene community shifts Reply.” Nature, 537, (7618) E5–E6. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19111. 2016

Cohen, A., Campisano, C., Arrowsmith, R., Asrat, A., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Deino, A., Feibel, C., Hill, A., Johnson, R., Kingston, J., Lamb, H., Lowenstein, T., Noren, A., Olago, D., Owen, R. B., Potts, Richard, Reed, K., Renaut, R., Schäbitz, F., Tiercelin, J. -J, Trauth, M. H., Wynn, J., Ivory, S., Brady, K., O’Grady, R. et al. 2016. “The Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project: inferring the environmental context of human evolution from eastern African rift lake deposits.” Scientific Drilling, 21 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-21-1-2016. 2016

Behrensmeyer, Anna K. 2015. “Four million years of African herbivory.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112, (37) 11428–11429. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514580112. 2015

Tóth, Anikó B., Lyons, Sara K., and Behrensmeyer, Anna K. 2014. “A Century of Change in Kenya’s Mammal Communities: Increased Richness and Decreased Uniqueness in Six Protected Areas.” PLoS ONE, 9, (4) 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093092. 2014

Blois, Jessica L., Gotelli, Nicholas J., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Faith, J. T., Lyons, Sara K., Williams, John W., Amatangelo, Kathryn L., Bercovici, Antoine, Du, Andrew, Eronen, Jussi T., Graves, Gary R., Jud, Nathan, Labandeira, Conrad C., Looy, Cindy V., McGill, Brian, Patterson, David, Potts, Richard, Riddle, Brett, Terry, Rebecca, Tóth, Anikó, Villaseñor, Amelia, and Wing, Scott L. 2014. “A framework for evaluating the influence of climate, dispersal limitation, and biotic interactions using fossil pollen associations across the late Quaternary.” Ecography, 37, (11) 1095–1108. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.00779. 2014

Miller, Joshua H., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Du, Andrew, Lyons, Sara K., Patterson, David, Toth, Aniko, Villasenor, Amelia, Kanga, Erustus, and Reed, Denne. 2014. “Ecological fidelity of functional traits based on species presence-absence in a modern mammalian bone assemblage (Amboseli, Kenya).” Paleobiology, 40, (4) 560–583. https://doi.org/10.1666/13062. 2014

Tóth, Anikó B., Lyons, Sara K., and Behrensmeyer, Anna K. 2014. “Mammals of Kenya’s protected areas from 1888 to 2013: Ecological Archives E095-150.” Ecology, 95, (6) 1711. https://doi.org/10.1890/13-2118.1. 2014

Owen, R. Bernhart, Renaut, Robin W., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., and Potts, Richard. 2014. “Quaternary geochemical stratigraphy of the Kedong-Olorgesailie section of the southern Kenya Rift valley.” Palaeogeography palaeoclimatology palaeoecology, 396 194–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.01.011. 2014

Faith, J. Tyler and Behrensmeyer, Anna K. 2013. “Climate change and faunal turnover: testing the mechanics of the turnover-pulse hypothesis with South African fossil data.” Paleobiology, 39, (4) 609–627. https://doi.org/10.1666/12043. 2013

Lee, Ray K. L., Owen, R. B., Renaut, Robin W., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Potts, Richard, and Sharp, Warren D. 2013. “Facies, geochemistry and diatoms of late Pleistocene Olorgesailie tufas, southern Kenya Rift.” Palaeogeography palaeoclimatology palaeoecology, 374 197–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.01.019. 2013

Wing, Scott L., Stromberg, Caroline A. E., Hickey, Leo J., Tiver, Fleur, Willis, Brian, Burnham, Robyn J., and Behrensmeyer, Anna K. 2012. “Floral and environmental gradients on a Late Cretaceous landscape.” Ecological Monographs, 82, (1) 23–47. https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0870.1. 2012

Kosnik, Matthew A., Alroy, John, Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Fursich, Franz T., Gastaldo, Robert A., Kidwell, Susan M., Kowalewski, Michal, Plotnick, Roy E., Rogers, Raymond R., and Wagner, Peter J. 2011. “Changes in shell durability of common marine taxa through the Phanerozoic: evidence for biological rather than taphonomic drivers.” Paleobiology, 37, (2) 303–331. https://doi.org/10.1666/10022.1. 2011

Owen, R. B., Renaut, R. W., Potts, Richard, and Behrensmeyer, Anna K. 2011. “Geochemical trends through time and lateral variability of diatom floras in the Pleistocene Olorgesailie Formation, southern Kenya Rift Valley.” Quaternary Research, 76, (1) 167–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2011.05.002. 2011

Levin, Naomi E., Brown, Francis H., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Bobe, René, and Cerling, Thure E. 2011. “Paleosol carbonates from the Omo Group: Isotopic records of local and regional environmental change in East Africa.” Palaeogeography palaeoclimatology palaeoecology, 307, (1-4) 75–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.04.026. 2011

Deocampo, Daniel M., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., and Potts, Richard. 2010. “Ultrafine Clay Minerals of the Pleistocene Olorgesailie Formation, Southern Kenya Rift: Diagenesis and Paleoenvironments of Early Hominins.” Clays and Clay Minerals, 58, (3) 294–310. https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2010.0580301. 2010

Western, David and Behrensmeyer, Anna K. 2009. “Bone Assemblages Track Animal Community Structure over 40 Years in an African Savanna Ecosystem.” Science, 324, (5930) 1061–1064. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1171155. 2009

Bennington, J. Bret, DiMichele, William A., Badgley, Catherine, Bambach, Richard K., Barrett, Paul M., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Bobe, Rene, Burnham, Robyn J., Daeschler, Edward B., Van Dam, Jan, Eronen, Jussi T., Erwin, Douglas H., Finnegan, Seth, Holland, Steven M., Hunt, Gene, Jablonski, David, Jackson, Stephen T., Jacobs, Bonnie E., Kidwell, Susan M., Koch, Paul L., Kowalewski, Michal J., Labandeira, Conrad C., Looy, Cindy V., Lyons, Sara K., Novack-Gottshall, Philip M. et al. 2009. “Critical Issues of Scale in Paleoecology.” Palaios, 24, (1-2) 1–4. https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2009.S01. 2009

Bennett, Matthew R., Harris, John W. K., Richmond, Brian G., Braun, David R., Mbua, Emma, Kiura, Purity, Olago, Daniel, Kibunjia, Mzalendo, Omuombo, Christine, Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Huddart, David, and Gonzalez, Silvia. 2009. “Early Hominin Foot Morphology Based on 1.5-Million-Year-Old Footprints from Ileret, Kenya.” Science, 323, (5918) 1197–1201. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1168132. 2009

Morgan, Michele E., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Badgley, Catherine, Barry, John C., Nelson, Sherry, and Pilbeam, David. 2009. “Lateral trends in carbon isotope ratios reveal a Miocene vegetation gradient in the Siwaliks of Pakistan.” Geology, 37, (2) 103–106. https://doi.org/10.1130/G25359A.1. 2009

Owen, R. Bernhart, Potts, Richard, and Behrensmeyer, Anna K. 2009. “Reply to the comment on “Diatomaceous sediments and environmental change in the Pleistocene Olorgesailie Formation, southern Kenya Rift Valley” by R.B. Owen, R. Potts, A.K. Behrensmeyer and P. Ditchfield [Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 269 (2008) 17-37].” Palaeogeography palaeoclimatology palaeoecology, 282, (1-4) 147–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.06.021. 2009

Cohen, A., Arrowsmith, R., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Campisano, C., Feibel, C., Shimeles Fisseha, N. J., Johnson, R., Bedaso, Z. K., Lockwood, C., Olago, D., and Potts, Richard. 2009. “Scientific Drilling for Human Origins: Exploring the Application of Drill Core Records to Understanding Hominin Evolution. Workshop Report for EOS Supplementary On-line materials.” Eos, 90, (14) 122. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009EO140010. 2009

Owen, R. Bernhart, Renaut, Robin W., Scott, Jennifer J., Potts, Richard, and Behrensmeyer, Anna K. 2009. “Wetland sedimentation and associated diatoms in the Pleistocene Olorgesailie Basin, southern Kenya Rift Valley.” Sedimentary Geology, 222, (1-2) 124–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.03.013. 2009

Owen, R. B., Potts, Richard, Behrensmeyer, Anna K., and Ditchfield, P. 2008. “Diatomaceous sediments and environmental change in the Pleistocene Olorgesailie Formation, southern Kenya Rift Valley.” Palaeogeography palaeoclimatology palaeoecology, 269 17–37. 2008

Badgley, Catherine J., Barry, John C., Morgan, Michele E., Nelson, Sherry V., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Cerling, Thure E., and Pilbeam, David. 2008. “Ecological changes in Miocene mammalian record show impact of prolonged climatic forcing.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, (34) 12145–12149. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805592105. 2008

Faith, J. T., Marean, C. W., and Behrensmeyer, Anna K. 2007. “Carnivore competition, bone destruction, and bone density.” Journal of Archaeological Science, 34 2025–2034. 2007

I [name], of [city, state ZIP], bequeath the sum of $[ ] or [ ] percent of my estate to L.S.B. Leakey Foundation for Research Related to Man’s Origins, Behavior & Survival, (dba The Leakey Foundation), a nonprofit organization with a business address of 1003B O’Reilly Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94129 and a tax identification number 95-2536475 for its unrestricted use and purpose.

If you have questions, please contact Sharal Camisa Smith sharal at leakeyfoundation.org. 

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